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Video Abstract (AI generated) (01:09) Paper PreprintAdaptive immunity to influenza A virus is limited by frequent mutations in the immunodominant head of hemagglutinin (HA). Over the last century, the upward trend in HA-head glycosylation indicates glycan addition can increase fitness, but its role in viral evolution remains unclear. Here, we report glycan evolution follows a clock-like rhythm, pacing the timeline, trajectory, and replacement of HA. Following pandemic introduction, glycans are added to HA at 4- to 6-year intervals, until a functional glycan limit is reached, after which, at 9- to 12-year intervals, glycans are either swapped between different sites, or the HA is replaced by a novel pandemic virus. Using this, we predicted the appearance of the newest glycan on pH1N1 HA. Phylogeographic reconstruction suggests these highly fit strains originated in the Middle East, before rapidly replacing all strains globally. Going forward, we can use this simple algorithm to forecast future glycan evolution and identify seasons with higher pandemic potential.
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Seth J. Zost. (2021, Nov 4).Glycan Clock Forecasts Human Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinin Evolution[Video]. Scitok. https://scitok.com/project/p/47ea147f
O Altman Meghan. "Glycan Clock Forecasts Human Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinin Evolution" Scitok, uploaded by J. Zost Seth, 4 Nov, 2021, https://scitok.com/project/p47ea147f
Seth J. Zost. "Glycan Clock Forecasts Human Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinin Evolution" Scitok. (Nov 4, 2021). https://scitok.com/project/p/47ea147f
Seth J. Zost (Nov 4, 2021). Glycan Clock Forecasts Human Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinin Evolution Scitok. https://scitok.com/project/p/47ea147f
Seth J. Zost. Glycan Clock Forecasts Human Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinin Evolution[video]. 2021 Nov 4. https://scitok.com/project/p/47ea147f
@online{al2006link, title={ Glycan Clock Forecasts Human Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinin Evolution }, author={ J. Zost, Seth }, organization={Scitok}, month={ Nov }, day={ 4 }, year={ 2021 }, url = {https://scitok.com/project/p/47ea147f}, }